镜像命令

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docker images                   			        #查看所有镜像
docker images -a                  			        #查看所有镜像，包括中间层镜像
docker images -aq                                   #查看所有镜像，包括中间层镜像ID
docker images imageName                 	        #查看具体镜像
docker rmi imageid或者imageName                      #删除指定的镜像
docker rmi imageidA imageidB imageidC               #删除指定多个镜像
docker rmi -f imageid或者imageName                   #强制删除指定的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)                  #删除全部的镜像
docker image inspect imageName                      #查看具体镜像详情
docker history imageName                            #查看镜像的创建历史
docker build -f dockerfilepath -t imageName:[tag] . #构建镜像
docker save imageName[:tag] -o 文件                  #导出镜像到文件
docker load -i 文件                                  #导入镜像

docker images(查看所有本地镜像)

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[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
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#查看所有镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mynginximage   latest    e902a486acf0   5 minutes ago   141MB
nginx          latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago     141MB
redis          latest    7614ae9453d1   3 weeks ago     113MB
centos         latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago    231MB

#查看所有镜像，包括中间层镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mynginximage   latest    e902a486acf0   5 minutes ago   141MB
nginx          latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago     141MB
redis          latest    7614ae9453d1   3 weeks ago     113MB
centos         latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago    231MB

#查看所有镜像，包括中间层镜像ID
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -aq
e902a486acf0
605c77e624dd
7614ae9453d1
5d0da3dc9764

#显示具体镜像信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker images mynginximage
REPOSITORY     TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mynginximage   latest    e902a486acf0   7 minutes ago   141MB

docker rmi(删除镜像)

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[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi --help

Usage:  docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Remove one or more images

Options:
  -f, --force      Force removal of the image
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents
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#当前容器镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS       PORTS     NAMES
7091ad3c2af0   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 hours ago   Up 2 hours             serene_morse

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
busybox      latest    beae173ccac6   2 weeks ago    1.24MB
mynginx      latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago    141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago    141MB
tomcat       latest    fb5657adc892   3 weeks ago    680MB
wordpress    latest    c3c92cc3dcb1   3 weeks ago    616MB
redis        latest    7614ae9453d1   3 weeks ago    113MB
mysql        latest    3218b38490ce   3 weeks ago    516MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB

#被容器使用的镜像无法删除，-f可以强制删除，不建议，建议先删除容器再删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi centos
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos" (must force) - container 7091ad3c2af0 is using its referenced image 5d0da3dc9764

#被多个镜像引用的镜像ID无法删除，-f可以强制删除，不建议，可以用唯一名称删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi 605c77e624dd
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 605c77e624dd (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
docker rmi beae173ccac6

#删除1个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi mynginx
Untagged: mynginx:latest

#删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi wordpress busybox
Untagged: wordpress:latest
Untagged: wordpress@sha256:fc33b796b04162a0db2e9ea9b4c361a07058b21597b1317ad9ab3ea4593de241
Deleted: sha256:c3c92cc3dcb1a903fed0374a837f38d716ae104d0e4c9705bddb53a76419534d
Deleted: sha256:e03d610209901c4c643d9787f53e556f3a034ece25b597205d8333db2ff81872
Deleted: sha256:d016493a41b04f201d91ac317b607a0fc2f87a8d825d6dfb6b8dc1bf2fba4efe
Deleted: sha256:7904e413594a78ddb5e5909909e5c37255d7be1ada4b4bf16e33368200ddea2d
Deleted: sha256:291dc2654c9399be32d82521744e650eb3d899d6356856dfd497f180782b76b8
Deleted: sha256:2c7d4e23a0ce5d99dc09041e86f5bcdc2404d703e769189fddc8cc45322bbda9
Deleted: sha256:d3e712f7ab059427794f7f209f448f94fc60dee3e4e40eb82cd99605ab55af3c
Deleted: sha256:10ab8416164c9b2c408ac1317419e9dd113091f6290d33f73cf1cc9c9781fb2b
Deleted: sha256:d61093d47caf389668eb96344afab2454620a5c586b1de3859e17d255a19ba89
Deleted: sha256:3cccde4cd0f42cdd4b0a2c088a88785183e11b4e7c425ff4c4f54326e8e9764b
Deleted: sha256:1053961a55147906b29c3be9c1186d5d9563db08c1e5b63c4e7b286f3dc043f6
Deleted: sha256:1e1b1a779971b332e7e954d0219153cd320cdd27521a15a97da4151ef45e3d7d
Deleted: sha256:682226507754fd5f59ce67ff0801c9df859b106cd5a3db24defb073650cf7fb5
Deleted: sha256:782d3b9de219e51086f1cab57778a10e7a88784008cb8b629e02e173c6683cc1
Deleted: sha256:c3d02f3fbe0afe22bc647345d3d217f2a26133062c1ada547645afdd1243cacc
Deleted: sha256:eec2c2512d15a9611866e4ddf17af2c480009045dbca2a3a22f30becb2050ae2
Deleted: sha256:8c360a4ebc0a45f7de7228d7d4ae497ddcf9c73218c5b4e628188f22cae1c663
Deleted: sha256:ee5205a969dcf1186060d0b8719db08647c3f86ccf33770b83b6ef1c989258e1
Deleted: sha256:6b322a9c05d5df05b87396796502965c8e6212aeb07ced777ed206f660c7a098
Deleted: sha256:c688355f4fe75990c63df6c38a962e3cadfaa0d84c826a920cf2a43fa0975270
Deleted: sha256:895915dadaf75a7370a1817ba4e54f0ee5b329b81aab80a3552736c10b065fc5
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Deleted: sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a
Deleted: sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374

#删除所有镜像，被容器使用的镜像是无法删除的
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Deleted: sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85
Deleted: sha256:b625d8e29573fa369e799ca7c5df8b7a902126d2b7cbeb390af59e4b9e1210c5
Deleted: sha256:7850d382fb05e393e211067c5ca0aada2111fcbe550a90fed04d1c634bd31a14
Deleted: sha256:02b80ac2055edd757a996c3d554e6a8906fd3521e14d1227440afd5163a5f1c4
Deleted: sha256:b92aa5824592ecb46e6d169f8e694a99150ccef01a2aabea7b9c02356cdabe7c
Deleted: sha256:780238f18c540007376dd5e904f583896a69fe620876cabc06977a3af4ba4fb5
Untagged: tomcat:latest
Untagged: tomcat@sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Deleted: sha256:fb5657adc892ed15910445588404c798b57f741e9921ff3c1f1abe01dbb56906
Deleted: sha256:2b4d03a9ce5e200223e5c398d4739d23dd19ad0d6e692cfc65ba3a8fae838444
Deleted: sha256:35c5ea12be1face90896b3a52afc28433885c4448a6c5cfe07561f82365cd18e
Deleted: sha256:6830091c111746b7534960d17f6c156be45d8dcfe0defb06bd427ef38bf49aae
Deleted: sha256:ea82d4efcdfa1c039d722a5a9613c18d3c3a84fbba8efae5e7f13cb3b4ec379f
Deleted: sha256:79a6c362c6b1a580d2d8d33f6d860d45c530f34ff7c0441d36b61aceefdfd656
Deleted: sha256:1788a74c5c86e769f61cd615269eba11c3d7648eac4a85a1ffd2840427820a2f
Deleted: sha256:cbce712ed17923285239f9d9c0528984aef065b7413d68a0290e2c8eecc98f4a
Deleted: sha256:aa56d037ee5925ebf11127c3e1f617874c4ce8bae6b6af7d132b7f7a4a606e6f
Deleted: sha256:97e5f44efb543d466c5847602654a8cb22c9466b61d04988d47ec44b197ea874
Deleted: sha256:11936051f93baf5a4fb090a8fa0999309b8173556f7826598e235e8a82127bce
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Deleted: sha256:7614ae9453d1d87e740a2056257a6de7135c84037c367e1fffa92ae922784631
Deleted: sha256:49c70179bc923a7d48583d58e2b6c21bde1787edf42ed1f8de9e9b96e2e88e65
Deleted: sha256:396e06df5d1120368a7a8a4fd1e5467cdc2dd4083660890df078c654596ddc1c
Deleted: sha256:434d118df2e9edb51238f6ba46e9efdfa21be68e88f54787531aa39a720a0740
Deleted: sha256:2047f09c412ff06f4e2ee8a25d105055e714d99000711e27a55072e640796294
Deleted: sha256:13d71c9ccb39b206211dd1900d06aa1984b0f5ab8abaa628c70b3eb733303a65
Deleted: sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 5d0da3dc9764 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container 7091ad3c2af0

docker image inspect(查看镜像详情)

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[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect nginx
[
    {
        ...
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:82941edee2f4d17c55563bb926387c3ae39fa1a99777f088bc9d3db885192209",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        }...
    }
]

docker history(查看镜像的创建历史)

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[root@localhost ~]# docker history --help

Usage:  docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE

Show the history of an image

Options:
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
  -H, --human           Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show image IDs
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[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx
IMAGE          CREATED       CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
ea335eea17ab   2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon…   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT           0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entr…   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:09a214a3e07c919a…   4.61kB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0fd5fca330dcd6a7…   1.04kB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:0b866ff3fc1ef5b0…   1.96kB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:65504f71f5855ca0…   1.2kB     
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -x     && addgroup --system -…   61.1MB    
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NJS_VERSION=0.7.0        0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.21.4     0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL maintainer=NGINX Do…   0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      2 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:a2405ebb9892d98be…   80.4MB

docker build(构建镜像)

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# 构建镜像命令，文件在当前目录下且文件名是Dockerfile可以不写-f指定
# 最后的 . 代表本次执行的上下文路径是当前路径，是指 docker 在构建镜像，有时候想要使用到本机的文件（比如复制），docker build 命令得知这个路径后，会将路径下的所有内容打包。
# 上下文路径下不要放无用的文件，因为会一起打包发送给 docker 引擎，如果文件过多会造成过程缓慢。
docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .
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[root@localhost image-save]# docker build --help

Usage:  docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -

Build an image from a Dockerfile

Options:
      --add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
      --build-arg list          Set build-time variables
      --cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources
      --cgroup-parent string    Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --compress                Compress the build context using gzip
      --cpu-period int          Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int           Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  -c, --cpu-shares int          CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpuset-cpus string      CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string      MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
  -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
      --force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers
      --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file
      --isolation string        Container isolation technology
      --label list              Set metadata for an image
  -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit
      --memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
      --no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image
      --pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
  -q, --quiet                   Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
      --rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
      --security-opt strings    Security options
      --shm-size bytes          Size of /dev/shm
  -t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
      --target string           Set the target build stage to build.
      --ulimit ulimit           Ulimit options (default [])
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[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/dockerfile-centos

[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago    141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago   231MB

[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# cat dockerfile-centos
#基础镜像
FROM centos
#维护者信息
MAINTAINER localhost<591071179@qq.com>
#镜像操作指令
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
#容器启动指令
CMD /bin/bash

[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# docker build -f dockerfile-centos -t mycentos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/8 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/8 : MAINTAINER localhost<591071179@qq.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 2b7855d87917
Step 3/8 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 6c813a2eede5
Step 4/8 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a335c187d850
Step 5/8 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in c20b66a82ffa
...
Step 6/8 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in 8a857366fcea
...
Step 7/8 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in 51f042953638
Removing intermediate container 51f042953638
 ---> dd2c2b455a85
Step 8/8 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 0c796a08481f
Removing intermediate container 0c796a08481f
 ---> d624390ac077
Successfully built d624390ac077
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1

[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos     latest    350c302fa1db   10 seconds ago   326MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   2 weeks ago      141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   4 months ago     231MB

#镜像构建完成，运行容器
[root@localhost dockerfiletest]# docker run -id -P --name mycentos_c1  mycentos:0.1
8571577c0faf59c2f654938975a08fc079c558d04aacad61cd4e2b2c628c6bb2

#查看容器详情
[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# docker inspect mycentos:0.1
[
    {
        ...
        "RepoTags": [
            "mycentos:0.1"
        ],
        ...
        "ContainerConfig": {
            ...
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            ...
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "MYPATH=/usr/local"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/bin/sh\" \"-c\" \"/bin/bash\"]"
            ],
            ...
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local",
            ...
        },
        ...
        "Author": "localhost<591071179@qq.com>",
        ...
    }
]

#进入容器，查看当前路径，测试vim ping功能
[root@localhost dockerfile-centos]# docker exec -it mycentos_c1 /bin/bash
[root@8571577c0faf local]# pwd     
/usr/local
[root@8571577c0faf local]# vim testfile
[root@8571577c0faf local]# cat testfile
www
[root@8571577c0faf local]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (110.242.68.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=10.7 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=10.7 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=49 time=10.6 ms
64 bytes from 110.242.68.3 (110.242.68.3): icmp_seq=4 ttl=49 time=10.6 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 10.596/10.643/10.703/0.040 ms
[root@8571577c0faf local]# exit
exit

docker save(导出镜像)

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[root@localhost image-save]# docker save --help

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
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[root@localhost ~]# docker save nginx -o /home/image-save/nginx.tar

[root@localhost ~]# ls /home/image-save
nginx.tar

docker load(导入镜像)

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[root@localhost image-save]# docker load --help

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN

Options:
  -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
  -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output
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#先删除镜像，再导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos     latest    b789bea5f17f   4 minutes ago   326MB
newnginx     latest    605c77e624dd   10 days ago     141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 months ago    231MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i /home/image-save/nginx.tar
Loaded image: nginx:latest

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos     latest    b789bea5f17f   5 minutes ago   326MB
newnginx     latest    605c77e624dd   10 days ago     141MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   10 days ago     141MB
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 months ago    231MB